How to use polycarboxylate superplasticizer for different kinds of concrete?
From April the French government will reduce fuel taxes slightly to ease the burden on consumers.
Warned of possible energy shortages in France by the end of the year and called on the French to conserve electricity and gas from now on, saying that if nothing was done, The energy situation will be tough this winter. Some experts say that there are two main reasons for France's energy crisis: first, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine affected the gas market and caused supply tension; The second is a safety review of France's newest nuclear power plant, which may lead to a reduction in output this year. In order to alleviate the energy crisis, the whole French society needs to be mobilized, whether it is the industrial sector, the tertiary sector or every French citizen. Now it is urgent. Rising fuel prices may also have an impact on shipments of the pce powder.
Prestressed or precast concrete
Adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer can make the compressive strength of precast concrete reach 40MPa grade at 8h to 18h; the precast concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer can get higher early strength under the condition of lower curing temperature and shorter curing time, thus reducing the energy consumption of curing; in addition, it can save cement, reduce vibration energy consumption, reduce noise and improve the turnover rate of the mold.
Shrinkage compensating concrete
When preparing shrinkage compensating concrete, adding a certain amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the water-cement ratio, increase the early shrinkage of concrete and reduce the later shrinkage of concrete, thus saving expansive agent or expansive cement.
Ordinary aggregate concrete
For ordinary aggregate concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the pumping pressure and pipe pressure by about 30%; for lightweight aggregate concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the pumping pressure and pipe pressure by more than 10%; in addition, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the increase of pumping resistance with the increase of pumping speed.
Steel-fiber reinforced concrete
For steel fiber reinforced concrete, the addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer can reduce the workability loss caused by the addition of steel fiber; of course, compared with the concrete without steel fiber, the amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer mixed with steel fiber reinforced concrete should be appropriately increased.
Super high strength concrete
Polycarboxylate superplasticizer has good water-reducing dispersion and strengthening effect, so it can be used to prepare ultra-high strength concrete. The study found that the concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer (20%), which accounts for 1% to 3% of the weight of the cementitious material, can make the 100-day-old strength as high as 150MPa.
High-alumina cement concrete
In order to ensure the performance of high-alumina cement concrete, the general water-cement ratio is not higher than 0.40 and the cement content is not lower than 400kg/m3, otherwise the strength of concrete, especially in the later stage, will decrease. The reason is that metastable calcium aluminate hydrate is transformed into steady tricalcium aluminate hydrate. If polycarboxylate superplasticizer is added to high alumina cement concrete, the fluidized concrete with good workability can be obtained under the condition of low water-cement ratio, and the later strength of concrete is not affected. That is to say, the 2d compressive strength of high alumina cement superplastic concrete mixed with polycarboxylate superplasticizer is lower than that of standard concrete, while the compressive strength of 180d age is basically the same as that of base concrete, because polycarboxylate superplasticizer has no obvious effect on the hydration rate of high alumina cement.
High-performance concrete with high content of active admixtures such as fly ash, slag, and silica fume
When preparing high-strength concrete with a large amount of fly ash instead of ordinary cement, adding polycarboxylate superplasticizer can improve workability, reduce mixing water consumption by about 20%, and further improve strength. The addition of polycarboxylate superplasticizer into concrete can increase the amount of cement-based substitute materials such as fly ash or slag and reduce the amount of cement without affecting the strength of concrete. therefore, it has outstanding environmental and economic benefits. Similarly, when silica fume is added to cement slurry or concrete, the amount of water needed to achieve the same workability increases with the increase of silica fume content. For this reason, under the condition of a certain amount of silica fume, polycarboxylate superplasticizer can be added to reduce the water consumption of mixing, and polycarboxylate superplasticizer can also be added to increase the amount of silica fume under the condition of a certain amount of water consumption.
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Gas prices in European countries are expected to triple if Russian supplies are restricted, according to a press release from Rystad Energy, a Norwegian Energy consultancy.
The price of natural gas in Europe was $1,200 per 1,000 cubic meters on Tuesday. The benchmark price is already 300 percent higher than a year ago. European gas prices are expected to continue to soar to $3,500 per 1,000 cubic meters if Russian supplies are restricted, according to Analysis by Monitor.
In 2021, Russia delivered 155 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe, accounting for 31 percent of its gas supply, according to an analysis by Monitor Advisors. It would be difficult for Europe to replace Russian gas, which would also destabilize the global LNG market and have a profound impact on Europe's population and economy.
The analysis also said that if Russia stopped supplies now, Europe's current gas reserves would be exhausted by the end of the year, setting in for a cold winter.
In addition, affected by the geopolitical factors, the supply of the pce powder is erratic and thus its prices are expected to go higher in the future.
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